Question

1. Use the following table to start filling in details about post-transcriptional processing of the following RNAs rRNA tRNA mRNA Similarities Differences Function

Answer 1

mRNA (messenger RNA ), rRNA ( ribosomal RNA )  , tRNA ( transfer RNA ) are the main three types of RNA .RNA are produced from DNA by the process- transcription .but in transcription RNA are produced as non functional, premature , precursor RNA . but they are transformed into mature , functional RNA by the process of post trancriptional modification. it is very common to eukaryotes .

in case of three different RNA ,there are some similarities and difference , in the process of post transcriptional modification . basic similarity among all three types of RNA is all of them are produced in transcription . and all the three RNA are associate with translation . and difference among them is in the way of post trancriptional modification of three types of RNA and there are difference in their function  

the difference , similarities and function of all three RNA are as follow -

	rRNA		tRNA	mRNA
similarities	1) produced by Transcription from DNA 2)it also takes part in protein synthesis i.e translation along with other RNA. 3) it is produced as non functional premature RNA after transcription . 4) it is modified after transcription to become functional . 5) rRNA posses adenine , uracil ,cytocine and guanine as their base . 6) rRNA is single stranded molecule		1) it also produced by Transcription from DNA . 2) it is also associated with translation i.e. protein synthesis . 3) it is also produced as non functional premature RNa 4) it is also modified after transcription to become mature and functional . 5) tRNA also posses adenine , uracil ,cytocine, guanine as their bases , 6) tRNA is also single stranded	1) it also produced by transcription from DNA , 2) it is also associated with translation . 3) it is also produced as non functional pre mature RNA after transcription . 4) it is also modified after transcription and become mature functional RNA . 5) mRNA also posses adenine , uracil , cytocine and guanine as their bases . 6) mRNA is also single stranded .
difference	1) it associates with some protein sub units to form ribosome . hence named ribosomal RNA 2) neither posses codon nor anticodon 3) post transcriptional modification of rRNA occurs by mainly methylation and trimming (trimming is the process by which it is properly shaped ) 4) located in Ribosome 5) sedimentation unit is of 16s, 5s,23s,28s,5.8s and do not posses loop but forms double stranded stucture in some region 6) number of nucleotide is 75-80		1) it trnsfer genetic messege from mRNA to ribosome during protein synthesis hence named ribosomal RNA . 2) tRNA posses anticodon which reads codon of mRNA and helps ribosome to synthesis amino acid according to mRNA. 3) post transcriptional  modification of tRNA is of three types- trimming , addition of terminal sequence. base modification is frquently observed in case of tRNA . 4) located in cytoplasm 5) sedimentation unit is of 4s and stucture is complicated clover leaf saped as it posses various loop - DHU loop, anticodon loop ,T $\psi$ c loop 6) number of nucleotide is 4700	1) it carries genetic information from DNA for coding protein 2) posses triplet codon , exon s 3) post transcriptional modification of mRNA is based on 5'-capping , 3'-polyadenylation ,and splicing . ( splice out introns ) 4) located in nucleus , ribosome ,cytoplasm 5) totaly single stranded structure and do not posses loop and sedimentation unit is 8s 6) number of nucleotide is 900-12000
function	1) rRNA forms ribosomes along with proteins i.e it helps in assembly of ribosomes . 2) it catalyzes the assembly of amino acid into peptide chain 3) it helps to connect tRNA and mRNA		1) posses anticodon which are complementary to the codon of mRNA and acts as a amino acids carrier during translation	1) it carries coded information and instruction in triplet codon ( complementary to DNA ) from nucleus to ribosome and helps in synthesis of amino acid . each amino acid is coded by the each triplet codon of mRNA . ( except stop codon ) m