Question

please explain

Mailings Review View ferences av A. A AaBbCcDdEe 211 av AalbCcDdte AaBbCcD AaBbCcDdE AaB No Spacing Heading 1 Heading 2 Title Normal 1a. Given your understanding of transcription and translation, fill in the blanks below for each nucleotide and polypeptide sequence. Assume that translation requires a start codon, and that there is no processing of the pre-mRNA before translation. Non-template strand of DNA: 5' CAGTATGT ATGACAAT GCA 3' Template strand of DNA: 3" GTCAT A CATAC TGTTA CGT 5' CAGUA UGUA UGA CA A UGCA 3' mRNA: Anticodons on complementary tRNA: 3' GUC 5' 3' AUA 5' 3' C A U. 3' ACU 3' G U U 5 nu un un Sequence of Amino Acids: Val-Ile - His -- Thr-Val b. Were there enough spaces for all the tRNAs and amino acids? If not, list the others below: No there was not, there was still UGCA which becomes ACGU on the anticodon on complementary tRNA. The amino acid sequence is Thr with A being left over Gene expression 2. Describe at least two similarities and two differences between the regulation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression. 3. What is one advantage of alternative splicing in eukaryotes? Genetic mutations and manipulation 4. The chart below lists five point mutations that may occur in a template strand of DNA, below. What types of mutation are these? What happens to the amino acid sequence or protein produced because of each mutation? (Note: Position 1 refers to the first base at the 3' end of the template strand. The last base in the DNA strand, at the end, is at position 21.) Original template strand: 3' TAC GCA AGC AAT ACC GAC GAA S' ed States) Focus

Answer 1

2. In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, genes are controlled by various factors and chemicals.

In both, genes are not active always. the genes are switched on and off to control the expression of the genes.

The difference between pro and eukaryotic genes regulation are---

In prokaryotes, genes are arranged in to operons and regulated. Where as in Eukaryotes, genes present on DNA are coiled around histone proteins. They are regulated by methylation, acetylation etc.

In prokaryotes, both transcription and translation occurs in the cytoplasm and regulation occurs in transcriptional level. Where as in eukaryotes, transcription occurs in nucleus and translation occurs in cytoplasm. Regulation occurs in transcriptional level and also translational level.

3. Advantage of alternate splicing is one mRNA can be used to produce different proteins by splicing different introns and keeping different exons.

4. Mutations---

Substitution of T for G at position 8:

3' TAC GCA ATC AAT ACC GAC GAA 5'

Here a pyramidine is replaced by purine. It is a point mutation and Transversion mutation. The mutation leads to change in amino acid from Serine to Stop codon.

Addition of T between 8 and 9.

3' TAC GCA AGT CAA TAC CGA CGA A 5'

Because of the addition, frame shift mutation occurs.

Aminoacid sequence changed from the region of addition to --Ser, Val, met, Ala, Ala.

Substitution of A for C at 15.

3' TAC GCA AGC AAT ACA GAC GAA 5'

Substitution of adenine in place of cytosine will result in change of amino acid from Trp to Cytosine. The mutation is transversion mutation.

Substitution of T for C at 18th position:

TAC GCA AGC AAT ACC GAT GAA

Substitution mutation is transition. Because a pyramidine is replaced by another pyramidine. There is no change in the amino acid coded in this mutation because of the degeneracy of the codon. Many codons code one amino acid.

Deletion of the C at position 18.

3' TAC GCA AGC AAT ACC GAG AA

This is deletion mutation. There is no change in he amino acid coded by the 6th codon. But 7th codon is of only 2 nucleotides, so no amino acid is coded by 7th codon. The polypeptide is shorter than normal.