Homework Answers
ANSWER:- TRUE
Proto-oncogenes may have many different functions in the cell. Some proto-oncogenes provide signals that lead to cell division. Other proto-oncogenes regulate programmed cell death (apoptosis).
The defective versions of proto-oncogenes, known as oncogenes, can cause a cell to divide in an unregulated manner. This growth can occur in the absence of normal growth signals such as those provided by growth factors. A key feature of oncogene activity is that a single altered copy leads to unregulated growth.
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True or False: a gene that codes for a growth factor receptor would be a good...
A cancer cell undergoes cell division in an unregulated manner (for example, when no growth factors...
A cancer cell undergoes cell division in an unregulated manner (for example, when no growth factors are present). Alterations of the following factors could cause cells to exhibit such ‘uncontrolled growth’ characteristics. Determine whether the gene encoding the specified factor behaves like an oncogene/proto-oncogene or a tumor suppressor gene. Briefly explain your reasoning. A kinase that functions in a growth factor signal transduction pathway. A CDK that functions in cell cycle regulation. A kinase that functions to turn off the CDK described in...
1.The KRAS gene encodes the KRAS protein which functions to promote cell growth and division. A...
1.The KRAS gene encodes the KRAS protein which functions to promote cell growth and division. A single base-pair deletion occurs in exon 4 of the KRAS gene that results in an early stop codon. This mutation results in an unregulated KRAS protein that always sends growth signals. What is a correct classification of the normal (wildtype) KRAS gene? A) A tumor suppressor gene B) An oncogene C) A tumor activating gene D) A DNA repair gene E) A proto-oncogene 2....
While investigating the function of a specific growth factor receptor gene from humans, researchers found that...
While investigating the function of a specific growth factor receptor gene from humans, researchers found that two types of proteins are synthesized from this gene. A larger protein containing a membrane-spanning domain recognizes growth factors at the cell surface, stimulating a specific downstream signaling pathway. In contrast, a related, smaller protein is secreted from the cell and binds available growth factor circulating in the blood, thus inhibiting the downstream signaling pathway. Speculate on how the cell synthesizes these disparate proteins.
Which one of the following statements is false? a. Many growth factor receptors are tyrosine kinases....
Which one of the following statements is false? a. Many growth factor receptors are tyrosine kinases. b. SH2 is an example of a protein domain that has high affinity binding for phosphorylated EGFR. c. Raf initiates a serine/threonine kinase cascade. d. Raf is activated by the kinase activity of RAS. Which one of the following statements is true? a. Retroviruses are a major cause of human cancers. b. Proto-oncogenes are altered forms of normal genes. c. Oncogenic activation of receptor...
The growth factor was a signalling molecule that bound to a receptor. channel Okinase O G-protein...
The growth factor was a signalling molecule that bound to a receptor. channel Okinase O G-protein contact-dependent Question 10 2 pts Which of the following best explains why dimerization of the kinase receptor in the absence of a growth factor could lead to cancer? The dimerization produces the growth factor, which can the signal for the cell to divide even if it was not supposed to. O Dimerization would cause the alpha subunit of a G-protein to become activated, leading...
Label the following as either proto-oncogene, oncogene or tumor suppressor 3. A gene that initiates apoptosis when DNA damage occurs a. b. A gene that initiates the transition from G1 to S phase A ge...
Label the following as either proto-oncogene, oncogene or tumor suppressor 3. A gene that initiates apoptosis when DNA damage occurs a. b. A gene that initiates the transition from G1 to S phase A gene that inhibits the transition from G1 to S phase c. d. A gene that promotes cell growth, combined with a hyperactive promoter How would methylation of the promoter of the gene in question 3c affect the cell? Be specific using what you know about the...
14. You are studying a newly discovered growth factor. You find that this growth factor stimulates...
14. You are studying a newly discovered growth factor. You find that this growth factor stimulates the proliferation of cells grown in the laboratory. You have also found that the receptor that binds the growth factor is a receptor kinase that activates Ras, which activates the MAP kinase pathway. Which mutations affecting this growth factor pathway would you expect to promote uncontrolled cell proliferation? Select all that apply. A. a mutation that inactivates the phosphatase that dephosphorylates the activated receptor...
Which of the following statements best describes the difference between a benign and malignant tumor?_____ (type...
Which of the following statements best describes the difference
between a benign and malignant tumor?_____ (type 1, 2, or 3 in the
blank)
1. benign tumors rarely interfere with organ function but
malignant tumors often impair and spread to other organs.
2. benign tumors are produced from unregulated cell growth but
malignant tumors are regulated
3. benign tumors metastasize but malignant tumors do not
Which of the following statements best describes metastasis?
____
1. metastasis is unregulated growth of cells...
Insulin signalling acts through an insulin receptor, which is a receptor tyrosine kinase (TRUE OR FALSE?)
Insulin signalling acts through an insulin receptor, which is a receptor tyrosine kinase (TRUE OR FALSE?)
You have just discovered a new growth factor (NEF) that binds to a tyrosine kinase receptor...
You have just discovered a new growth factor (NEF) that binds to a tyrosine kinase receptor in nerve cells. The amount of diacylglycerol in the plasma membrane increases in cells expressing this receptor when treated with treated with NEF. Propose and simple signaling pathway and identify any isoforms of possible participating enzymes. Would you expect the concentrations of any other common second messenger to increase on NEF treatment?
The growth factor was a signalling molecule that bound to a receptor. channel Okinase O G-protein contact-dependent Question 10 2 pts Which of the following best explains why dimerization of the kinase receptor in the absence of a growth factor could lead to cancer? The dimerization produces the growth factor, which can the signal for the cell to divide even if it was not supposed to. O Dimerization would cause the alpha subunit of a G-protein to become activated, leading...
Label the following as either proto-oncogene, oncogene or tumor suppressor 3. A gene that initiates apoptosis when DNA damage occurs a. b. A gene that initiates the transition from G1 to S phase A gene that inhibits the transition from G1 to S phase c. d. A gene that promotes cell growth, combined with a hyperactive promoter How would methylation of the promoter of the gene in question 3c affect the cell? Be specific using what you know about the...
Which of the following statements best describes the difference
between a benign and malignant tumor?_____ (type 1, 2, or 3 in the
blank)
1. benign tumors rarely interfere with organ function but
malignant tumors often impair and spread to other organs.
2. benign tumors are produced from unregulated cell growth but
malignant tumors are regulated
3. benign tumors metastasize but malignant tumors do not
Which of the following statements best describes metastasis?
____
1. metastasis is unregulated growth of cells...
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