Question

VBI NIMITTI Detrimental What are Benefits and effect of prokaryotes?

Answer 1

Prokaryotes live on our body and in our environment. Some types of these organisms are harmful and can make us sick, while others help protect us and can even be used by doctors to improve our overall health.

Scientists have since discovered a huge number of prokaryotes that live in mutually beneficial relationships with the human body, which means both parties benefit from the relationship.These are referred to as mutualistic bacteria, bacterial species that live in symbiosis with a human host in a mutually beneficial relationship. These beneficial prokaryotes are found in many parts of the body, including the skin, mouth, nasal cavity, ears, vagina, stomach, and intestines. We call the collection of microorganisms that live in association with the human body normal flora or more technically, human microbiota.They ward off disease-causing organisms by competing for space and nutrients on and inside the body. They train our immune system so it's ready when our bodies are attacked, and they aid in digestion and supply us with vitamins. They can also affect the way our metabolism works and help our bodies become less susceptible to conditions like obesity and diabetes.

Now Pathogenic prokaryotes typically cause disease by releasing exotoxins or endotoxins.Exotoxins are secreted and cause disease even if the prokaryotes that produce them are not present.Endotoxins are released only when bacteria die and their cell walls break down.Horizontal gene transfer can spread genes associated with virulence.Some pathogenic bacteria are potential weapons of bioterroism.Once pathogens attach to host cells, they can cause direct damage as the pathogens use the host cell for nutrients and produce waste products.For example, Streptococcus mutans, a component of dental plaque, metabolizes dietary sugar and produces acid as a waste product. The acid decalcifies the tooth surface to cause dental caries.