What is the mechanism of the disease, emphysema? What is the primary cause? Explain why people...
What is the mechanism of the disease, emphysema? What is the primary cause? Explain why people with this disorder have difficulty breathing properly and performing adequate gas exchange.
Homework Answers
the primary cause of emphysema is cigaratte smoking, air pollution .
cigarette smoking activates air epithelium and macrophages, which recruit neutrophills and CD8 + lymphocytes to cause emphysema . the oxidative stress caused by cigarette smoking activates different transcription factors and cytokines which in result to alveolar destruction . due to alveolar destruction exchange of gases could not take place in alveoli sacs, thus shortness of breath happens.
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What is the mechanism of the disease, emphysema? What is the
primary cause? Explain why people...
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CASE STUDY C Emphysema Mr. C.Y., age 71, has had significant emphysema for 6 years. He has reduced his cigarette smoking since mild congestive heart failure was diagnosed (right-sided heart failure; refer to Chapter 12). He has been admitted to the hospital with a suspected closed pneumothorax and respiratory failure. 1. Describe the pathophysiologic changes in the lungs with emphysema, and explain how these affect oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood 2. Explain the possible role of smoking...
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2. Using a cause and effect sequence explain why people with diabetes mellitus type 1, experience the symptoms of polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyphagia (excessive hunger), polyuria (excessive urination). Hint: think about the osmotic effect of high glucose in the blood.
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