Describe the steps cells use to repair the DNA after dimer formation.
Describe the steps cells use to repair the DNA after
dimer formation.
Homework Answers
Nucleotide dimers are molecular
lesions formed due to photochemical reactions. High energy
radiation such as UV induces covalent linkages between successive
bases. Uncorrected lesions can cause mistakes in replication or
transcription.
Melanoma/Xeroderma pigmentosum in humans is an example for defect
in the repair of DNA dimers.
Repair:
1. Dimers induce a conformational change in the DNA structure which
is recognized by the repair enzymes.
2. These dimers can be repaired by photoreactivation in which a
photolyase directly reverses the damage.
3. These enzymes recognize the dimers and absorb light of >300
nm which enables the photochemical reaction to occur.
4. Nucleotide excision repair is the common mode of repair system.
NER removes the dimer and synthesizes new DNA sequence surrounding
the dimer.
Add Answer to:
Describe the steps cells use to repair the DNA after
dimer formation.
Q1: If DNA damage occurred, the cells repair the damage by several mechanisms during the cell...
Q1: If DNA damage occurred, the cells repair the damage by several mechanisms during the cell cycle. In which phase of the cell cycle cells will repair the damage? Name five of the repair mechanisms that cells are using to repair DNA damage? What are the repair mechanism for double strand DNA breaks? Describe them and Which of them is the error- free repair pathway?
Which DNA repair mechanism fixes DNA directly after DNA synthesis? How does it detect an error...
Which DNA repair mechanism fixes DNA directly after DNA synthesis? How does it detect an error in the code? Excision repair, recognizes a DNA mismatch distortion in the DNA (a "bump") Excision repair, recognizes thymine dimers Excision repair, recognizes deamination Mismatch repair, recognizes thymine dimers Mismatch repair, recognizes a DNA mismatch distortion in the DNA (a "bump")
Which of the following are the 3 steps involved in the basic mechanism of DNA repair?...
Which of the following are the 3 steps involved in the basic mechanism of DNA repair? (3 answers expected) a.) The segment of damaged strand is excised. b.) A repair DNA polimerase fills in the missing nucleotides using the bottom strand as a template. c.) DNA ligase seals the nick. d.) DNA ligase excises the segment of damaged strand. e.) Topoisomerase fills in the missing nucleotides using the bottom strand as a template.
and Lab Exer n this experiment you will evaluate effect of UV light on bacterial growth. UV light affects growth by interfering with DNA, resulting in thymine dimer formation. The dimerization...
and Lab Exer n this experiment you will evaluate effect of UV light on bacterial growth. UV light affects growth by interfering with DNA, resulting in thymine dimer formation. The dimerization is confined within adjacent thymine residues on same strand (intrastrand ). These dimmer lesions have consequence on DNA functions including interference in DNA replication, transcription etc, so UV exposure of cells can lead to lethal effects for bacterial multiplications. This forms the basis for UV method to control bacterial...
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Repair of DNA damage from UV radiation DNA damage from UV radiation needs to be repaired...
Repair of DNA damage from UV radiation
DNA damage from UV radiation needs to be repaired if
DNA replication occurs without error. the following plot shows how
cell survival is affected in the presence of UV radiation. Notice
that the wild-type cells can overcome the damaging effects of UV
radiation on DNA and show high survival even as UV increases.
However, cells deficient in certain genes display relatively much
lower survival rates.
1. the fact that the double mutant shows...
Photoreactivation is called a direct reversal of DNA damage. Mismatch repair, Nucleotide excision repair and base...
Photoreactivation is called a direct reversal of DNA damage. Mismatch repair, Nucleotide excision repair and base excision repair correct DNA mismatches and damaged bases, but these systems are not considered direct repair. what two general steps do these indirect repair systems have in common?.
DNA mismatch repair enzymes preferentially repair bases on the newly synthesized DNA strand, using the old...
DNA mismatch repair enzymes preferentially repair bases on the newly synthesized DNA strand, using the old DNA strand as the template. If mismatches were simply repaired without regard for which strand served as template, would this reduce replication errors? Explain your answer (5 pts) Describe DNA replication (remember to mention all the enzymes involved) (10 pts)
1. There are three basic steps in DNA extraction - A. breaking open the cells, B....
1. There are three basic steps in DNA extraction - A. breaking open the cells, B. removing lipids, proteins, and C. precipitating the DNA. In which step you use ethanol? (5) In which step you use phenol and chloroform? (5) In which step you use detergent? (5) 2. The tubes in the image contain lysed mouse liver tissue and phenol/choroform. Label the phases and explain in which phase you expect the DNA to be present. (10)
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Which DNA repair mechanism fixes DNA directly after DNA synthesis? How does it detect an error in the code? Excision repair, recognizes a DNA mismatch distortion in the DNA (a "bump") Excision repair, recognizes thymine dimers Excision repair, recognizes deamination Mismatch repair, recognizes thymine dimers Mismatch repair, recognizes a DNA mismatch distortion in the DNA (a "bump")
and Lab Exer n this experiment you will evaluate effect of UV light on bacterial growth. UV light affects growth by interfering with DNA, resulting in thymine dimer formation. The dimerization is confined within adjacent thymine residues on same strand (intrastrand ). These dimmer lesions have consequence on DNA functions including interference in DNA replication, transcription etc, so UV exposure of cells can lead to lethal effects for bacterial multiplications. This forms the basis for UV method to control bacterial...
Repair of DNA damage from UV radiation
DNA damage from UV radiation needs to be repaired if
DNA replication occurs without error. the following plot shows how
cell survival is affected in the presence of UV radiation. Notice
that the wild-type cells can overcome the damaging effects of UV
radiation on DNA and show high survival even as UV increases.
However, cells deficient in certain genes display relatively much
lower survival rates.
1. the fact that the double mutant shows...
DNA mismatch repair enzymes preferentially repair bases on the newly synthesized DNA strand, using the old DNA strand as the template. If mismatches were simply repaired without regard for which strand served as template, would this reduce replication errors? Explain your answer (5 pts) Describe DNA replication (remember to mention all the enzymes involved) (10 pts)
1. There are three basic steps in DNA extraction - A. breaking open the cells, B. removing lipids, proteins, and C. precipitating the DNA. In which step you use ethanol? (5) In which step you use phenol and chloroform? (5) In which step you use detergent? (5) 2. The tubes in the image contain lysed mouse liver tissue and phenol/choroform. Label the phases and explain in which phase you expect the DNA to be present. (10)
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