Question

Bacteria used Staphyloccocus epidermis Enterococcus faecalis

1.   Describe the process you used to trace the infection back to its source
2.   Was this an example of a common source epidemic or propagated transmission? Explain?
3.   Explain Direct versus Indirect transmission

Answer 1

Answer:                 This question i have to write pointswise,because of it's easy to understand you...

1):

• Enterococci are a type of bacteria that live in your GI tract. There are at least 18 different species of these bacteria.
• Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is one of the most common species. These bacteria also live in the mouth and vagina.
• They are very resilient, so they can survive in hot, salty, or acidic environments.
• E. faecalis normally lives harmlessly in your intestines. However, if it spreads to other parts of your body it can cause a more serious infection.
• The bacteria can get into your blood, urine, or a wound during surgery. From there, it can spread to different sites causing more serious infections, including sepsis, endocarditis, and meningitis.
• E. faecalis bacteria don’t usually cause problems in healthy people. But people with underlying health conditions or a weakened immune system are more likely to get sick.
• These infections often spread in hospitals.
• In recent years, there’s been an increase in drug-resistant E. faecalis strains. Today, many antibiotics don’t work against infections caused by these bacteria.

causes these infections:

• E. faecalis infections spread from person to person through poor hygiene. Because these bacteria are found in feces, people can transmit the infection if they don’t wash their hands after using the bathroom.
• The bacteria can get into food or onto surfaces such as doorknobs, telephones, and computer keyboards. From there, they can pass to other people.
• E. faecalis often spreads through hospitals. The bacteria can spread if healthcare workers don’t wash their hands.
• Improperly cleaned catheters, dialysis ports, and other medical devices can also carry E. faecalis.
• Thus, people who have an organ transplant, kidney dialysis, or cancer treatment are at increased risk for developing infections due to immune suppression or contamination through their catheters.

Symptoms of E. faecalis infections:

• Symptoms depend on which type of infection you have. They can include:
• fever
• chills
• fatigue
• headache
• abdominal pain
• pain or burning when you urinate
• nausea
• vomiting
• diarrhea
• fast breathing or shortness of breath
• chest pain when you breathe
• stiff neck
• swollen, red, tender, or bleeding gums

Related infections:

• E. faecalis causes a few different types of infections in people:
• acteremia: This is when bacteria get into the blood.
• Endocarditis: This is an infection of the heart’s inner lining, called the endocardium. E. faecalis and other types of enterococci bacteria cause up to 10 percent of these infections.
• Meningitis: This is inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
• Periodontitis: This serious gum infection damages the bones that hold your teeth in place. It’s often found in people who’ve had a root canal.
• Urinary tract infections: These infections affect organs like the bladder, urethra, and kidneys.
• Wound infections: You can get an infection if bacteria get into an open cut, such as during surgery.

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