Question

Bryophytes & Seedless vascular plants:

Be able to define a true “plant” Know how plants differ from other photosynthetic organisms (green algae, cyanobacteria)

Understand that land plants share a common ancestor with green algae Be familiar with the four stages in land plant evolution, and know that

1. both bryophytes and seedless vascular plants arose in the first stage
2. seedless vascular plants diversified and dominated the Earth in the second stage, during the Carboniferous Period (~350-300 MYA), when coal deposits were formed
3. that gymnosperms dominated until the mass extinction that wiped out the dinosaurs

A major theme in plant evolution is the adaptations that allowed successive groups to survive in dry terrestrial environments. Know the features of each of the four major plant groups that represent successive adaptations to life on dry land.

Be familiar with the sporic life cycle of mosses and ferns.
Be able to distinguish between the features of bryophytes (e.g. moss) and seedless

vascular plants (e.g. fern); how are their life cycles different?

Some key terms: archegonium antheridium gametophyte spores sporangium sporophyte sporophyll

Sori

strobilus (cone)

Answer 1

1. The kingdom plantae includes several ferns, mosses, grasses, trees and flowering plants. Some flowering plants produces flowers and some planta don't. Most familiar plants are vascular plants. “vascular” refers to systems of tubes that carry fluids within an organism.

2. Blue green algae and plants carry out photosynthesis using sunlight, CO2,water and produces carbohydrates. Bluegreen algae is unicellular organism while plants are multicellular organism. Blue green algae do not have connective tissues, stems, leaves and roots.

3. Blue green algae and plants show evolutionary relationship, they both contains same pigment i.e. chloroplast. These endosymbiotic cyanobacteria in eukaryotes then evolved and differentiated into specialized organelles such as chloroplasts, etioplasts and leucoplasts.

4. In sporic lifecycle of mosses and ferns following takes place :
Diploid (2n) sporophytes undergoes meiosis and forms haploid cells known as spores, these spores undergoes mitosis and forms gametophyte. The gametophyte produces haploid gametes which fuse to form a diploid zygotic sporophyte. Most ferns produces only one type of spores (homosporus).

Female sex organ in non flowering plant is the archaegonium and the male sex organ in non flowering plant is anthredium.

5. Attaching a photo of differences

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Dicences PAGE NO. DATE I Mosses - small, non- vascular Ferns flowerless, vasculas plants → Has foresence leaflets of y Have true leaves & stans - Spedophyte depends - on panietophyte Gametophyte depends on Sporophyte 70 - Malleodhyle n Mall & female - gametophyte are present separately! both plant same carately y - produces spores in Capsules Produce spare as clusters → example: Prickly → Example Fishbone sphagram TUL On the basis of life cycle Gametophyte is Prominant un mosses while! кілорале іn dілля. -