Question

NAA 3

Log a typical meal, and analyze the total caloric count as well as percentage of each macronutrient consumed during the meal. A meal in this case consists of at least three different foods.

Do not use packaged all-in-one meals for this exercise.

Do not use the calories provided on the label as an answer. Follow the same steps to obtain the total caloric value for each macronutrient.

Do not utilize an app. Demonstrate the calculations.

The percentages should be for the whole meal, do not demonstrate the percentages for each food unless this will help demonstrate the percentages for the whole meal.

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, protein, fats, and alcohol—the dietary macrocomponents—are the sources of energy in the diet. Under normal circumstances, more than 95% of this food energy is digested and absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract to provide the body's energy needs.

Energy is the capacity to do work. In biologic systems it is usually measured in kilocalories (kcal) or kilojoules (kJ). One kilocalorie (equivalent to 4.184 kJ) is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water 1°C (e.g., from 15 to 16°C) at standard atmospheric pressure (760 mm Hg).

The Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990 (NLEA) currently dictates what information is presented on food labels. The NLEA requires that the Calorie level placed on a packaged food be calculated from food components. According to the National Data Lab (NDL), most of the calorie values in the USDA and industry food tables are based on an indirect calorie estimation made using the so-called Atwater system. In this system, calories are not determined directly by burning the foods. Instead, the total caloric value is calculated by adding up the calories provided by the energy-containing nutrients: protein, carbohydrate, fat and alcohol. Because carbohydrates contain some fiber that is not digested and utilized by the body, the fiber component is usually subtracted from the total carbohydrate before calculating the calories.

The Atwater system uses the average values of 4 Kcal/g for protein, 4 Kcal/g for carbohydrate, and 9 Kcal/g for fat. Alcohol is calculated at 7 Kcal/g. Thus the label on an energy bar that contains 10 g of protein, 20 g of carbohydrate and 9 g of fat would read 201 kcals or Calories.

Lets us take a meal consisting Fried Cabbage with Egg. Based on above theroy we can derive the Calories and Other macronutrients percentage, which is as follows:

Calories	151.6
Total Fat	11.7 g
Saturated Fat	1.4 g
Polyunsaturated Fat	0.7 g
Monounsaturated Fat	1.7 g
Cholesterol	187.0 mg
Sodium	653.1 mg
Potassium	278.9 mg
Total Carbohydrate	5.7 g
Dietary Fiber	2.2 g
Sugars	0.0 g
Protein	6.8 g

Vitamin A	8.0 %
Vitamin B-12	7.3 %
Vitamin B-6	7.4 %
Vitamin C	47.9 %
Vitamin D	5.7 %
Vitamin E	8.8 %
Calcium	6.6 %
Copper	1.7 %
Folate	14.8 %
Iron	7.3 %
Magnesium	4.7 %
Manganese	9.2 %
Niacin	1.5 %
Pantothenic Acid	6.8 %
Phosphorus	10.0 %
Riboflavin	15.3 %
Selenium	20.5 %
Thiamin	4.8 %
Zinc	4.4 %