Mammalian organisms retains enzyme set called holocarboxylase synthatase for metabolism of fatty acids.
holocarboxylase synthatase
Biotin + different apocarboxylases-------------------> biotin attachment with ε-amino group of lysine of protein enzyme apocarboxylase activating them for fatty acid metabolism then biotin attached to protein is regenrated by proteolytic degration and bionitidase
If holocarboxylase synthatase is defective, biotin will not be utilized and its level in blood will be higher.
Biochem: what would happen to blood biotin levels if the deficiency was in the holocarboxylase synthetase?
What would be the consequence of a dysfunctional Glutamine Synthetase enzyme? How will nitrogen levels from this dysfunctional enzyme effect the body?
Biotin is a B-vitamin that is required for pyruvate carboxylase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase to function properly a) In a biotin deficiency, would you expect β-hydroxybutyrate concentration in blood to increase, decrease, or stay the same compared to a biotin sufficient control? b) How is pyruvate carboxylase involved in this effect on [BHB]? c) How is acetyl-CoA carboxylase involved in this effect on [BHB]?
People with beriberi, a disease caused by a thiamin deficiency, have elevated levels of blood pyruvate and α-ketoglutarate, especially after consuming a meal rich in glucose. How can you explain the rise in these compounds based on this vitamin?
If the mutation is in isocitrate dehydrogenase, what would you expect to happen to the levels of : (increase/decrease) isocitrate a- ketoglutarate glyoxylate
How would a fumarase deficiency affect the levels of pyruvate, fumarate, and malate?
12. If an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase attaches the wrong amino acid to a tRNA, what will happen? O The tRNA won't fold into the correct secondary structure. O The tRNA will be rejected by the ribosome. O The wrong amino acid will be added to the polypeptide, but it will be removed during proofreading. O The wrong amino acid will be added to the polypeptide.
Why would it be of interest to put biotin into a secondary antibody (biotinylate it)? What could you do with it then?
11. What would happen in a liver cell if citrate levels were high? Tell me what pathways would increase and which would decrease. Mention at least three key regulatory enzymes that would be affected as a result of this increase in acetyl-CoA. (10 pts)
4. Explain what would happen to the red blood cells of someone who was stranded on a desert island and drank large quantities of saltwater. (Hint: Saltwater is hypertonic to red blood cells.) (4 points) 5. Iodine (12) is not soluble in water. Explain using intermolecular forces (4 points)
Question 16 (1 point) Suppose some blood cells were in a hypertonic solution. What would happen to them? They would shrink. They would remain the same size. They would expand. The outcome is not predictable.