DNA supercoiling, which occurs when coiling tension is generated ahead of the replication fork, is relieved by DNA gyrase. Supercoiling may also be involved in transcription regulation. Researchers discovered that transcriptional enhancers operating over a long distance (2500 base pairs) are dependent on DNA supercoiling, while enhancers operating over shorter distances (110 base pairs) are not so dependent (Liu et al., 2001. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. [USA] 98: 14,883–14,888). Using a diagram, suggest a way in which supercoiling may positively influence enhancer activity over long distances.
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