Homework Answers
Choice D : Oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
Explanation: Glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate is three carbon sugar is undergoes oxidation thus it is a chemical utilization step. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate oxidise to form 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate.
In this reaction 1,3 bisphophoglycerate is much lower in the energy than glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate.
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In the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, NADH is made and phosphate is added. What drives...
1) Which of the following glycolysis intermediates can be generated from glycerol? dihydroxyacetone phosphate 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate...
1) Which of the following glycolysis intermediates can be generated from glycerol? dihydroxyacetone phosphate 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 3-phosphoglycerate 2) Which of the following is the oxidizing agent in the reaction that converts succinate to fumarate? FAD, NADH, NAD+, succinate, Coenzyme A, or FADH2 3) Five NADH molecules in the mitochondria can be made into _____ number of ATP.
1. 2. 3. 4. Select all that apply. Identify the reaction(s) of glycolysis inhibited by ATP □ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate → 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphoenolpyruvate +pyruvate 3-phosphoglycerate...
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Select all that apply. Identify the reaction(s) of glycolysis inhibited by ATP □ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate → 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphoenolpyruvate +pyruvate 3-phosphoglycerate ~2-phosphoglycerate 1) fructose-6-phosphate→ fructose-1,6-bisphosphate . glucose glucose-6-phosphate Select all that apply. Alcohol fermentation: consumes ATP as it produces ethanol. O produces carbon dioxide begins as pyruvate is decarboxylated to acetaldehyde in a reaction catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase m regenerates NAD requires the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, In the figure below, what is the reaction occurring at the location...
The conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is catalyzed by the enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Formation...
The conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is catalyzed by the enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Formation of the enzyme-substrate complex involves nucleophilic attack by an active site cysteine residue on glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to form a tetrahedral intermediate. However, cysteine-dependent nucleophilic attack only occurs when NAD+ is bound, which depresses the pKR for cysteine from 8 to 5.5. Please propose an alternative active site arrangement that may lead to the formation of a tetrahedral covalent intermediate without the requirement for NAD+...
The reaction glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + NAD++Pi→ 1,3 diphosphoglycerate + NADH+H+ has ΔrG∘′=6.3kJmol−1. If the standard reduction potential...
The reaction glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + NAD++Pi→ 1,3 diphosphoglycerate + NADH+H+ has ΔrG∘′=6.3kJmol−1. If the standard reduction potential ε∘′ of NAD+ is -0.324 V and the reaction 1,3 diphosphoglycerate + ADP→ 3-phosphoglycerate + ATP has ΔrG∘′=−18.8kJ/mol, calculate the standard reduction potential ε∘′ for the reaction 3-phosphoglycerate +2e−+3H+→ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate +H2O.
17. The reaction shown below describes the formation of 1,3-disphosphoglycerate from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. This reaction is coupled...
17. The reaction shown below describes the formation of 1,3-disphosphoglycerate from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. This reaction is coupled with the formation of NADH from NAD+ Which statement below is correct? CH,-0-P CHOH c=0 3CH2--0- CHOH 'c=0 он a. The reaction of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to form 1,3-disphosphoglycerate is an oxidation b. The reaction of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to form 1,3-disphosphoglycerate is a reduction c. The reaction of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to form 1,3-disphosphoglycerate is a hydrolysis. d. The reaction of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to form 1,3-disphosphoglycerate is an isomerization.
5. During step six of glycolysis glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) is converted to 1,3- bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG) and NAD+...
5. During step six of glycolysis glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) is converted to 1,3- bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG) and NAD+ is converted to NADH. (You can ignore the concentration of protons in the upcoming calculation.) G3P + P + NAD+ = 1,3 - BPG + NADH + H+ In the human erythrocyte, the concentration of G3P is 0.019 mm, the concentration of 1,3-BPG is 0.001 mM, the concentration of P, is 1.0 mm, and the ratio of NAD+ to NADH is 1000 to 1....
In glycolysis, how is glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate converted to 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate? Pils used to provide phosphate...
In glycolysis, how is glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate converted to 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate? Pils used to provide phosphate ATP is used to provide phosphate Phosphate is transferred from fructose 2,6 bisphosphate NADPH provides the phosphate This reaction does not occur in glycolysis, the question is invalid D Question 8 During anaerobic conditions ... (Select all that apply) Glycolysis risks failing due to lack of a key metabolite. NADH is consumed. Lactate dehydrogenase ceases to function. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Accelerates. Question 9 Given the...
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, but unlike other glycolytic reactions, it does not require...
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, but unlike other glycolytic reactions, it does not require energy investment from ATP. This reaction occurs in two stages: oxidation/reduction and phosphorylation. Why is the oxidation/reduction reaction necessary to make phosphorylation favorable? Choose one: A. The oxidation/reduction reaction is necessary to oxidize phosphate, allowing addition to the substrate. B. The oxidation/reduction reaction is necessary to form an intermediate with a large free energy of hydrolysis. C. The oxidation/reduction reaction is necessary to produce...
The mechanism of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase. In step 1 (Top Left) the sulfur from the cysteine loses its...
The mechanism of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase. In
step 1 (Top Left) the sulfur from the cysteine loses its hydrogen
to the carbonyl carbon of the substrate. I think is wrong and the
hydrogen is stolen by the histidine (nitrogen) using a base
catalyst reaction.
lser Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate NAD CONH2 H -N + HH Hemithioacetal Oxidation NAD NADH CONH CONH2 Но RN + H -N / H Η Η Hн s NADH NAD Thioester intermediate Thioester intermediate Phosphorylation CONH2 O...
35) The overall reaction of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD+ + P =...
35) The overall reaction of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD+ + P = 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + NADH GAPDH couples together two reactions with favorable (AG'°-50 kj/mol) and unfavorable (AG' +50 kJ/mol) Gibbs free energies, respectively. a) (6 pts) Write the balanced chemical equations for the two separate reactions. b) (6 pts) Draw the structure of the thiohemiacetal intermediate and show the mechanism for generating the acyl thioester intermediate. 36) (4 pts) Under anaerobic conditions, lactic acid fermentation regenerates...
1.
2.
3.
4.
Select all that apply. Identify the reaction(s) of glycolysis inhibited by ATP □ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate → 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphoenolpyruvate +pyruvate 3-phosphoglycerate ~2-phosphoglycerate 1) fructose-6-phosphate→ fructose-1,6-bisphosphate . glucose glucose-6-phosphate Select all that apply. Alcohol fermentation: consumes ATP as it produces ethanol. O produces carbon dioxide begins as pyruvate is decarboxylated to acetaldehyde in a reaction catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase m regenerates NAD requires the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, In the figure below, what is the reaction occurring at the location...
17. The reaction shown below describes the formation of 1,3-disphosphoglycerate from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. This reaction is coupled with the formation of NADH from NAD+ Which statement below is correct? CH,-0-P CHOH c=0 3CH2--0- CHOH 'c=0 он a. The reaction of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to form 1,3-disphosphoglycerate is an oxidation b. The reaction of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to form 1,3-disphosphoglycerate is a reduction c. The reaction of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to form 1,3-disphosphoglycerate is a hydrolysis. d. The reaction of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to form 1,3-disphosphoglycerate is an isomerization.
5. During step six of glycolysis glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) is converted to 1,3- bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG) and NAD+ is converted to NADH. (You can ignore the concentration of protons in the upcoming calculation.) G3P + P + NAD+ = 1,3 - BPG + NADH + H+ In the human erythrocyte, the concentration of G3P is 0.019 mm, the concentration of 1,3-BPG is 0.001 mM, the concentration of P, is 1.0 mm, and the ratio of NAD+ to NADH is 1000 to 1....
In glycolysis, how is glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate converted to 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate? Pils used to provide phosphate ATP is used to provide phosphate Phosphate is transferred from fructose 2,6 bisphosphate NADPH provides the phosphate This reaction does not occur in glycolysis, the question is invalid D Question 8 During anaerobic conditions ... (Select all that apply) Glycolysis risks failing due to lack of a key metabolite. NADH is consumed. Lactate dehydrogenase ceases to function. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Accelerates. Question 9 Given the...
The mechanism of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase. In
step 1 (Top Left) the sulfur from the cysteine loses its hydrogen
to the carbonyl carbon of the substrate. I think is wrong and the
hydrogen is stolen by the histidine (nitrogen) using a base
catalyst reaction.
lser Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate NAD CONH2 H -N + HH Hemithioacetal Oxidation NAD NADH CONH CONH2 Но RN + H -N / H Η Η Hн s NADH NAD Thioester intermediate Thioester intermediate Phosphorylation CONH2 O...
35) The overall reaction of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD+ + P = 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + NADH GAPDH couples together two reactions with favorable (AG'°-50 kj/mol) and unfavorable (AG' +50 kJ/mol) Gibbs free energies, respectively. a) (6 pts) Write the balanced chemical equations for the two separate reactions. b) (6 pts) Draw the structure of the thiohemiacetal intermediate and show the mechanism for generating the acyl thioester intermediate. 36) (4 pts) Under anaerobic conditions, lactic acid fermentation regenerates...
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