Describe the differences in the ways that antibodies and T cell receptors are genetically coded for...
Homework Answers
- the T- cell receptor / TCR is a molecule found on the surface of T- cells / lymphocytes ,that is responsible for recognising fragments of antigen as peptide bond to major heterocompability complex molecules . the binding between TCR and antigen peptide is of low affinity and is degenerate.
- TCR is composed of two different protein chains.
- in human in 95 % of T- cells the TCR consists of an alpha chain, beta chain where asin 5% of T - cells and TCR consists of gamma , delta.
- this ratio changes during ontogeny and in diseased state .
- thus biochemical events mediated by associated enzymes and activated / released transcription factors.
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Describe the differences in the ways that antibodies and T cell
receptors are genetically coded for...
How does activation by T-independent antigens differ from this figure? Extracellular antigens B cell receptors Antigen...
How does activation by T-independent antigens differ
from this figure?
Extracellular antigens B cell receptors Antigen fragments MHC class II with antigen displayed on surface **Cytokines Plasma cell Antibodies T cell B cell B cell 1 APC receptors 2 Antigen is 3 Antigen fragments are T helper cell recognize and phagocytized and displayed on the B cell secretes cytokines, attach to antigen. digested (see surface, attracting a activating a B cell. Figure 17.12). matching T helper cell. Figure 17.5 Activation...
In what way are T-cell receptors and immunoglobulins similar, in what ways are they different?
In what way are T-cell receptors and immunoglobulins similar, in what ways are they different?
1. In general, antibodies can defend against pathogens in any of six ways. However, IgM and...
1. In general, antibodies can defend against pathogens in any of six ways. However, IgM and IgA can only use a few of these methods. Which of the following could be used by IgM or IgA to inactivate pathogens? A. Agglutination B. Opsonization C. Complement activation D. NK cell activation E. TH cell activation 5. A B cell recognizes an antigen, but there is no Th cell that also recognizes the antigen. What will happen? A. The B cell will...
31. Which part of this T cell receptor is produced only AFTER the T cell has...
31. Which part of this T cell receptor is produced only AFTER the T cell has bound an antigen? A. The part labeled "A" B. The parts labeled "B" C. The entire T cell receptor D. None of it. It is all produced BEFORE antigen binding. E. T cells don't bind antigens; only antibodies do that. 37. How do Treg cells differ from Th cells? A. When Treg cells bind B7, they engulf and destroy it. B. Treg cells secrete...
QUESTION 11 How is the immune system able to recognize a limitless number of different antigens...
QUESTION 11 How is the immune system able to recognize a limitless number of different antigens and epitopes? While each lymphocyte carries receptors that recognize only one type of epitope, the immune system produces a wide variety of lymphocytes each of which carries unique receptors A genetic "memory" of the pathogens your parents encountered (and their parents and so on) is passed on to each generation, increasing the number of possible responses over time. Each lymphocyte is coated with many...
antibodies A specific B cell is activated when an) from a pathogen binds to one of...
antibodies A specific B cell is activated when an) from a pathogen binds to one of the _ on its surface. Activation also requires from helper T cells. 1 antigen antigen This activated cell then begins dividing into memory B cells, which will participate in the secondary immune response, and cells that will act as protein factories in this immune response. plasma During the primary immune response, these cells secrete cytokines During the secondary immune response, the rapidly, giving rise...
Question 2 1 pts on of In which of the following ways do B cells and...
Question 2 1 pts on of In which of the following ways do B cells and T cells differ? effector B cells secrete their receptors, but effector T cells do not B cells, but not T cells, generate their receptors through a process that cuts, splices, and modifies receptor genes B cell receptors are collectively able to bind a huge variety of potential antigens, but T cell receptor bind a more limited variety of antigens the antigen receptor in T...
Explain how the adaptive immune response is able to generate the diversity of antigen receptors necessary...
Explain how the adaptive immune response is able to generate the diversity of antigen receptors necessary to recognize the multitude of foreign antigens. Explain how clonal selection contributes to the development and expansion of antigen specific lymphocytes that do not respond to self. Distinguish cytokines and chemokines and their roles in the immune response What are the 3 roles of antibody in the immune response What are the two types of T cells that contribute to cellular immunity? What are...
Answer the following questions related to immunity. Describe the differences between cell-mediated immunity and antibody-mediated immunity....
Answer the following questions related to immunity. Describe the differences between cell-mediated immunity and antibody-mediated immunity. Describe the differences between innate/natural immunity and acquired immunity. What is the antibody-antigen complex (AB-AG)? Describe the roles of the T cells and B cells. Describe one auto-immune disorder (select any autoimmune disorder and describe it).
Answer the following questions related to immunity. Describe the differences between cell-mediated immunity and antibody-mediated immunity....
Answer the following questions related to immunity. Describe the differences between cell-mediated immunity and antibody-mediated immunity. Describe the differences between innate/natural immunity and acquired immunity. What is the antibody-antigen complex (AB-AG)? Describe the roles of the T cells and B cells. Describe one auto-immune disorder (select any autoimmune disorder and describe it).
How does activation by T-independent antigens differ
from this figure?
Extracellular antigens B cell receptors Antigen fragments MHC class II with antigen displayed on surface **Cytokines Plasma cell Antibodies T cell B cell B cell 1 APC receptors 2 Antigen is 3 Antigen fragments are T helper cell recognize and phagocytized and displayed on the B cell secretes cytokines, attach to antigen. digested (see surface, attracting a activating a B cell. Figure 17.12). matching T helper cell. Figure 17.5 Activation...
1. In general, antibodies can defend against pathogens in any of six ways. However, IgM and IgA can only use a few of these methods. Which of the following could be used by IgM or IgA to inactivate pathogens? A. Agglutination B. Opsonization C. Complement activation D. NK cell activation E. TH cell activation 5. A B cell recognizes an antigen, but there is no Th cell that also recognizes the antigen. What will happen? A. The B cell will...
31. Which part of this T cell receptor is produced only AFTER the T cell has bound an antigen? A. The part labeled "A" B. The parts labeled "B" C. The entire T cell receptor D. None of it. It is all produced BEFORE antigen binding. E. T cells don't bind antigens; only antibodies do that. 37. How do Treg cells differ from Th cells? A. When Treg cells bind B7, they engulf and destroy it. B. Treg cells secrete...
QUESTION 11 How is the immune system able to recognize a limitless number of different antigens and epitopes? While each lymphocyte carries receptors that recognize only one type of epitope, the immune system produces a wide variety of lymphocytes each of which carries unique receptors A genetic "memory" of the pathogens your parents encountered (and their parents and so on) is passed on to each generation, increasing the number of possible responses over time. Each lymphocyte is coated with many...
antibodies A specific B cell is activated when an) from a pathogen binds to one of the _ on its surface. Activation also requires from helper T cells. 1 antigen antigen This activated cell then begins dividing into memory B cells, which will participate in the secondary immune response, and cells that will act as protein factories in this immune response. plasma During the primary immune response, these cells secrete cytokines During the secondary immune response, the rapidly, giving rise...
Question 2 1 pts on of In which of the following ways do B cells and T cells differ? effector B cells secrete their receptors, but effector T cells do not B cells, but not T cells, generate their receptors through a process that cuts, splices, and modifies receptor genes B cell receptors are collectively able to bind a huge variety of potential antigens, but T cell receptor bind a more limited variety of antigens the antigen receptor in T...
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