Problem

Solutions For An Introduction to Genetic Analysis Chapter 2 Problem 28P

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Solution 1

The below table shows where mitosis and meiosis occur in the given plants:

Organisms

Mitosis

Meiosis

Fern

Sporophyte, gametophyte

Sporangium

Moss

Sporophyte, gametophyte

Sporophyte

Antheridium (male), archgonium (female)

Flowering plant

Sporophyte, gametophyte

Sporophyte (anther-male and ovule-female)

Pine tree

Sporophyte, gametophyte

Sporophyte (pine cone)

Mushroom

Sporophyte, gametophyte

Sporophyte (ascus and basidium)

Frog

Somatic cells

Gonads (male and female)

Butterfly

Somatic cells

Gonads (male and female)

Snail

Somatic cells

Gonads (male and female)

Ferns are vascular plants and they reproduce through spores. They have a life cycle called alternation of generations characterized by alternating diploid sporophytic (2n) and haploid gametophytic (n) phases. The diploid sporophyte phase produces haploid spores by meiosis. The spores grow to become a haploid gametophyte by mitosis and the gametophyte produces gametes by mitosis.

Mosses are non-vascular plants. The life-cycle starts with a haploid spore, which germinates into protonema. From the protonema, grows gametophores. From the tip of gametophores develop sex organs. Female organs are archegonium and male organs are antheridium. After fertilization diploid sporophyte is produced. Spore producing cells undergo meiosis in the mature sporophyte.

In flowering plants, are seed producing plants and mitosis occurs in sporophyte and gametophyte, whereas meiosis occurs in anther and ovule of male and female sex organs respectively.

In pine tree, the non-flowering plant, sporophytes are in diploid stage. In the life cycle of such plants haploid spores are produced through meiosis. Gametophytes are in haploid stage in the life cycle of plants that produces haploid gametes through meiosis.

In mushroom is a fungi and spores are produced instead of seeds. The hyphae develop special structures that produce asexual spores by mitosis. In the specialized cells called dikaryotic cell, the nuclei fuse and produce a diploid zygote, which undergoes meiosis to produce spores.

In frog, butterfly, and snail the mitosis takes place in the body cells and the meiosis takes place in gonads to produce gametes.

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