Step-by-Step Solution
a. Pedigree: The boy who could not roll his tongue had a phenotype different form both of his parents. That shows that he was homozygous recessive for that trait whereas both of his parents must be heterozygous.
Therefore, let us consider R as an allele for the trait of rolling the tongue and r for inability to roll. The pedigree of the family can be shown as below:
-/r R/r R/r -/r
R/- R/- R/- r/r r/r
Boy Sister
r/r R/-
b. The identical twins are identical genetically. To explain the existence of seven discordant pairs, some factors can be considered.
It can be the environmental factor for the expression of gene or developmental noise. Another factor can be that R allele might not be fully penetrant and the some genotypic 'rollers' do not express the phenotype.
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