The mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) is decoded by ribosomes to produce a specific amino chain or protein. The process of translation requires mRNA, ribosomes, and transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA). The tRNA aligns the appropriate amino acid on the mRNA. Thus, tRNA acts as adaptor in the translation process.
The ribosome has two sub-units, which form a complex around the mRNA. They bind reversibly to the mRNA and get dissociated after protein synthesis. It also catalyzes the formation of peptide bond between the growing polypeptide and incoming aminoacyl tRNA. Hence, the ribosomes are called the factories of protein synthesis.