Step-by-Step Solution
The genetic code is the set of rules. It gives information about how the genetic material is translated to form proteins by the living cells. The consecutive three nucleotides together form one codon, which encodes one amino acid.
The genetic code contains 64 codons of which 61 code for different amino acids, while three are stop codons. Each codon encodes for a particular amino acid. The genetic code is considered as universal because it is common and used by all organisms.
The stop codons that terminate the protein synthesis in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes are UAA, UAG, and UGA.
Significance of finding genetic code is as follows:
The genetic code helps us to assess the sequence of amino acids that form a protein. The protein is produced by a process called translation. It plays several roles in the body of an organism. It can also be used to identify frameshift and point mutations basing on the protein sequence.
The genetic code was demonstrated by Philip Leder, Har Gobind Khorana, and Nirenberg.
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